The incidence of ovarian cancer is approximately 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The symptoms of ovarian cancer are usually common and vague, making diagnosis difficult.
There are more than 30 different types of ovarian tumors, which are classified according to the cell type. Some are benign (non-cancerous) and do not spread outside the ovary. Malignant (cancerous) tumors can spread to other parts of the body.
At present, there is no effective method of early detection of ovarian cancer. It is usually diagnosed in advanced stages and only half of women survive more than five years after diagnosis. In 25% of ovarian cancers that are identified early, five-year survival is greater than 90%.
Studies have shown that the prognosis and survival depend largely on the amount of tumor that remains at the time of the initial surgical intervention. Patients without residual tumor or with nodules smaller than one centimeter in diameter have the highest chance of cure and long-term survival.
Symptoms
Most women with ovarian cancer have symptoms. However, these symptoms are usually vague and can be attributed to less serious processes, such as indigestion, weight gain or the consequences of aging.
Contact your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms :
- General abdominal pain or discomfort (gas, indigestion, pressure, swelling, flatulence, cramps).
- Flatulence or feeling of fullness, even after a light meal.
- Nausea, diarrhea, constipation or frequent urination.
- Unexplained loss or weight gain.
- Loss of appetite.
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
- Unusual tiredness.
Ovarian Cancer Treatment
Women with ovarian cancer are usually treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is used in some cases. The treatment of ovarian cancer depends on several factors, such as:
- Cancer stage.
- Tumor size after cytoreduction.
- Desire of the patient to have children.
- Age and general state of health.